PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BENIDIPINE: INVITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

Abstract

This study consolidates evidence from in vitro and in vivo models to elucidate the pharmacological profile and therapeutic relevance of benidipine. Research involving cells, tissues, and animals has shown the substantial antihypertensive, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and vasculoprotective properties of benidipine, a long-acting, multichannel calcium antagonist. Besides its ability to regulate blood pressure, benidipine demonstrates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-remodeling, and endothelial-stabilizing characteristics, potentially offering broader benefits in cardiac and renal diseases. Comparative analyses demonstrate enhanced tissue selectivity, prolonged efficacy, and reduced adverse effects relative to conventional calcium channel blockers. Due to the variability in research design, dosage selection, and experimental outcomes, meticulously designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm these preclinical results. The report consolidates existing knowledge and delineates prospective strategies to enhance the clinical application of benidipine.